Preface This is an annual report on the research activities in the field of optical communications and high-speed electron devices for 2008 at the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, the Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, and Quantum Nanoelectronics Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology. 　 This activities are initiated by Professor Shigehisa Arai, and Associate Professor Nobuhiko Nishiyama [Group A], mainly in the field of III-V/Si Heterogeneous Photonic Integration Devices and Circuits, New Types of Multi Functional Semiconductor Lasers and Photonic Devices, and also in the fabrication of ultra-fine structures 　 This report consists of a brief introduction of the research activities and a collection of the research papers published in 2008.